Definition:
Colony: a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country.
Examples of Push and Pull factors of English Migration to America
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List and Examples of Push Factors for kids |
List and Examples of Pull Factors for kids |
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Political Factor: The first migrants were prompted by the discoveries of lands in the New World made by famous English explorers. |
The political pull factor was to gain wealth, prestige and English ambitions to expand their empire. |
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Political Factor: The Mayflower Pilgrims established the Plymouth Colony in America (1620) to escape religious persecution |
Religious freedom and opportunities in a new land. |
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Environmental Factor: Crop failure and famine hit the north of England (1623-1624) and more people took the option of emigrating to the New World |
To find more fertile land to escape famine and disease and find safety in a more settled climate and environment. |
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Economic Factor: The establishment of the first 13 colonies and the introduction of the system of Indentured Servants enabled poor people to travel to America. |
To escape poverty and find a new home and employment in America. |
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Economic Factor: The introduction of the Headright System substantially increased the number of English migrants to America. |
The promise of land grants in America provided poor people with an opportunity to own and farm their own land. |
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Political Factor: The Delaware Colony (1638) was established and the colony welcomed immigrants who were not Protestants |
Quaker, Catholic, Lutheran and Jewish immigrants sought to escape religious persecution in England |
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Political Factor: The English Civil War (1642- 1651) brought conflict, violence and an uncertain future to many English people. |
Royalists and Catholics chose to emigrate to find stability and escape from political and religious persecution following defeat during the Civil War followed by the tyranny of Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans |
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Environmental and Social Factors: The Great Plague of London (1665) led to the deaths of 100,000 people and was followed by the destruction of homes in the Great Fire of London (1666) |
To seek a new life and safety in a less crowded environment with reduced fear of disease. |
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From: http://www.emigration.link/push-pull-factors-english-migration.htm |
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Colonists in the New England colonies endured bitterly cold winters and mild summers. Land was flat close to the coastline but became hilly and mountainous farther inland. Soil was generally rocky, making farming difficult. Cold winters reduced the spread of disease.
The New England colonies were dominated by the Puritans, reformers seeking to "purify" Christianity, who came over from England to practice religion without persecution. Puritans followed strict rules and were intolerant of other religions, eventually absorbing the separatist Pilgrims in Massachusetts by 1629. Life in New England was dominated by church, and there were severe consequences for those who failed to attend, or, those who spoke out against the Puritan ways. Singing and celebrating holidays were among things prohibited in Puritan New England.
New England's economy was largely dependent on the ocean. Fishing (especially codfish) was most important to the New England economy, though whaling, trapping, shipbuilding, and logging were important also. Eventually, many New England shippers grew wealthy buying slaves from West Africa in return for rum, and selling the slaves to the West Indies in return for molasses. This process was called the "triangular trade."
From: https://mrnussbaum.com/13-colonies-regions-new-england-colonies
The Middle colonies spanned the Mid-Atlantic region of America and were temperate in climate, with warm summers and cold winters. Geography ranged from coastal plains along the coastline, piedmont (rolling hills) in the middle, and mountains farther inland. This area had good coastal harbors for shipping. Climate and land were ideal for agriculture. These colonies were known as the "breadbasket" because of the large amounts of barley, wheat, oats, and rye that were grown here.
Religion in the Middle Colonies was varied as no single religion seemed to dominate the entire region. Religious tolerance attracted immigrants from a wide-range of foreign countries who practiced many different religions. Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and Presbyterians were among those religious groups that had significant numbers in the middle colonies.
The Middle Colonies enjoyed a successful and diverse economy. Largely agricultural, farms in this region grew numerous kinds of crops, most notably grains and oats. Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and papermaking were also important in the Middle Colonies. Big cities such as Philadelphia and New York were major shipping hubs, and craftsmen such as blacksmiths, silversmiths, cobblers, wheelwrights, wigmakers, milliners, and others contributed to the economies of such cities.
From: https://mrnussbaum.com/13-colonies-regions-new-england-colonies
The Southern Colonies enjoyed warm climate with hot summers and mild winters. Geography ranged from coastal plains in the east to piedmont farther inland. The westernmost regions were mountainous. The soil was perfect for farming and the growing season was longer than in any other region. Hot summers, however, propagated diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.
Most people in the Southern Colonies were Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian), though most of the original settlers from the Maryland colony were Catholic, as Lord Baltimore founded it as a refuge for English Catholics. Religion did not have the same impact on communities as in the New England colonies or the Mid-Atlantic colonies because people lived on plantations that were often distant and spread out from one another.
The Southern economy was almost entirely based on farming. Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops. Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land. In fact, Charleston, South Carolina became one of the centers of the American slave trade in the 1700’s.
From: https://mrnussbaum.com/13-colonies-regions-southern-colonies
